Americans are the citizens and nationals of the United States . [ 18 ] [ 19 ] U.S. federal law does not equate nationality with race or ethnicity , but rather with citizenship. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] [ 22 ] [ 23 ] The U.S. has 37 ancestry groups with more than one million individuals. [ 24 ] White Americans form the largest racial and ethnic group at 61.6% of the U.S. population, with non-Hispanic whites making up 57.8% of the population. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] Hispanic and Latino Americans form the second-largest group and are 18.7% of the American population. Black Americans constitute the country's third-largest ancestry group and are 12.4% of the total U.S. population. [ 24 ] Asian Americans are the country's fourth-largest group, composing 6% of the American population. The country's 3.7 million Native Americans account for about 1.1%, [ 24 ] and some 574 native tribes are recognized by the federal government. [ 27 ] People of American descent can be found internationally. As many as seven million Americans are estimated to be living abroad, and make up the American diaspora . [ 28 ] [ 29 ] [ 30 ] The majority of Americans trace their roots to immigrants who arrived in what is now the United States, starting with European colonization in the 16th century. This includes European American groups such as the English , Irish , Germans , Italians , and others, as well as Africans forcibly brought as slaves during the Atlantic slave trade . However, the Native American population, whose ancestors inhabited the continent for thousands of years before European contact, are a key exception. Despite its multi-ethnic composition, [ 31 ] [ 32 ] the culture of the United States held in common by most Americans can also be referred to as mainstream American culture—a Western culture largely derived from the traditions of Northern and Western European colonists, settlers, and immigrants. [ 31 ] It also includes significant influences of African-American culture . [ 33 ] Westward expansion integrated the French-speaking Creoles and Cajuns of Louisiana and the Hispanos of the American Southwest, who brought close contact with the culture of Mexico . Large-scale immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from Eastern and Southern Europe introduced a variety of new customs. Immigration from Africa , Asia , and Latin America has also had impact. A cultural melting pot , or pluralistic salad bowl , describes the way in which generations of Americans have celebrated and exchanged distinctive cultural characteristics. [ 31 ] The original Indigenous population came to what is now the United States from Siberia via the Bering Strait . [ 34 ] For thousands of years prior to European colonization , Native American tribes had been established in what is now the United States. Estimates for their pre-contact population, range from 3 million to 12 million, living in over 600 distinct societies. Indigenous languages and cultures differed by region. European colonization of what is now the United States began in the 16th century after the Spanish conquest of Mexico , with the failed Spanish Narváez expedition in the southwestern territories in 1527. The next to arrive in North America were the French, followed by the Dutch and finally the British who each settled in different parts of North America. Early interactions between European settlers and Indigenous peoples were often amicable; however by the 1630s, as the number of settlers grew as well as increased self-sufficiency, colonists encroached further upon Indigenous lands and imposed Christianity and their culture upon Native peoples. The impact of the European colonization was catastrophic on the Native population, as they introduced diseases, such as smallpox , syphilis , and influenza , that decimated many Native American populations. [ 35 ] [ better source needed ] Racial and ethnic groups The United States is a diverse country, both racially and ethnically . [ 37 ] Six races are officially recognized by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes: Alaska Native and American Indian, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, White, and people of two or more races. "Some other race" is also an option in the census and other surveys. [ 38 ] [ 39 ] [ 40 ] The United States Census Bureau also classifies Americans as "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino", which identifies Hispanic and Latino Americans as a racially diverse ethnicity that comprises the largest minority group in the nation. [ 38 ] [ 39 ] [ 40 ] White and European Americans White Americans constitute the majority of the 331 million people living in the United States, with 204,277,273 people or 61.6% of the population in the 2020 United States census . [ a ] [ 42 ] [ 43 ] The US census defines "white" as "[a] person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa". [ 44 ] Non-Hispanic whites , which only account for 57.8% of the population, or 191,697,647 people, are the majority in 44 states. There are six minority-majority states : California , Texas , Maryland , [ 45 ] New Mexico , Nevada , and Hawaii . [ 46 ] [ 47 ] In addition, the District of Columbia and the five inhabited U.S. territories have a non-white majority. [ 42 ] The state with the highest percentage of non-Hispanic white Americans is Maine , while the state with the lowest percentage is Hawaii. [ 48 ] Europe is the largest continent that Americans trace their ancestry to, and many claim descent from various European ethnic groups . [ 49 ] The Spaniards were among the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the continental United States in 1565 in San Agustín, La Florida then a part of New Spain . [ 50 ] [ 51 ] Virginia Dare (b. 1587) in Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina , was the first child born in the original Thirteen Colonies to English parents. The Spaniards also established a continuous presence in what over three centuries later would become a possession of the United States with the founding of the city of San Juan, Puerto Rico , in 1521. Jewish Americans trace their ancestry primarily to Central and Eastern Europe , with smaller numbers from the Middle East and North Africa . Large numbers of Jewish immigrants arrived in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, fleeing persecution in the Russian Empire and other parts of Eastern Europe. They arrived in cities such as New York City , Chicago , and Philadelphia . [ 52 ] [ 53 ] In the 2020 United States census, English Americans 46.5 million (19.8%), German Americans 45m (19.1%), Irish Americans 38.6m (16.4%), and Italian Americans 16.8m (7.1%) were the four largest self-reported European ancestry groups in the United States constituting 62.4% of the white American population. [ 54 ] However, the English Americans and British Americans demography is considered a serious under-count as they tend to self-report and identify as simply " Americans " (since the introduction of a new "American" category in the 1990 census) due to the length of time they have inhabited America. This is highly over-represented in the Upland South , a region that was settled historically by the British. [ 55 ] [ 56 ] [ 57 ] [ 58 ] [ 59 ] [ 60 ] Overall, as the largest group, European Americans have the lowest poverty rate [ 61 ] and the second highest educational attainment levels, median household income , [ 62 ] and median personal income [ 63 ] of any racial demographic in the nation, second only to Asian Americans in the latter three categories. Hispanic and Latino Americans Hispanic and Latino Americans constitute the largest ethnic minority in the United States . They form the second-largest group in the United States, comprising 62,080,044 people or 18.7% of the population according to the 2020 United States census. [ b ] [ 64 ] [ 65 ] Hispanic and Latino Americans are not considered a race in the United States census, instead forming an ethnic category. [ 66 ] [ 67 ] [ 68 ] [ 69 ] People of Spanish or Hispanic and Latino descent have lived in what is now United States territory since the founding of San Juan, Puerto Rico (the oldest continuously inhabited settlement on American soil) in 1521 by Juan Ponce de León , and the founding of St. Augustine, Florida (the oldest continuously inhabited settlement in the continental United States) in 1565 by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés . In the State of Texas , Spaniards first settled the region in the late 1600s and formed a unique cultural group known as Tejanos . Black and African Americans Black and African Americans are citizens and residents of the United States with origins in sub-Saharan Africa . [ 72 ] According to the Office of Management and Budget , the grouping includes individuals who self-identify as African American, as well as persons who emigrated from nations in the Caribbean and sub-Saharan Africa. [ 73 ] The grouping is thus based on geography, and may contradict or misrepresent an individual's self-identification since not all immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa are "Black". Among these racial outliers are persons from Cape Verde , Madagascar , various Arab states, and Hamito-Semitic populations in East Africa and the Sahel , and the Afrikaners of Southern Africa . [ 72 ] African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes ) are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa. [ 74 ] According to the 2020 United States census, there were 39,940,338 black and African Americans in the United States, representing 12.4% of the population. [ 75 ] [ d ] [ 76 ] Black and African Americans make up the third-largest group in the United States, after white and European Americans, and Hispanic and Latino Americans. [ 64 ] The majority of the population (55%) lives in the South ; compared to the 2000 United States census, there has also been a decrease of African Americans in the Northeast and Midwest . [ 76 ] Most African Americans are the direct descendants of captives from Central and West Africa , from ancestral populations in countries like Nigeria , Benin , Sierra Leone , Guinea-Bissau , Senegal , and Angola , [ 77 ] who survived the slavery era within the boundaries of the present United States. [ 78 ] As an adjective, the term is usually spelled African-American . [ 79 ] Montinaro et al. (2014) observed that around 50% of the overall ancestry of African Americans traces back to the Niger-Congo -speaking Yoruba of southwestern Nigeria and southern Benin (before the European colonization of Africa this people created the Oyo Empire ), reflecting the centrality of this West African region in the Atlantic slave trade . [ 80 ] Zakharaia et al. (2009) found a similar proportion of Yoruba associated ancestry in their African American samples, with a minority also drawn from Mandinka populations (founders of the Mali Empire ), and Bantu populations (who had a varying level of social organization during the colonial era, while some Bantu peoples were still tribal, other Bantu peoples had founded kingdoms such as the Kingdom of Kongo ). [ 81 ] The first West African slaves were brought to Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. The English settlers treated these captives as indentured servants and released them after a number of years. This practice was gradually replaced by the system of race-based slavery used in the Caribbean . [ 82 ] All the American colonies had slavery, but it was usually the form of personal servants in the North (where 2% of the people were slaves), and field hands in plantations in the South (where 25% were slaves); [ 83 ] by the beginning of the American Revolutionary War 1/5th of the total population was enslaved. [ 84 ] During the revolution, some would serve in the Continental Army or Continental Navy , [ 85 ] [ 86 ] while others would serve the British Empire in the Ethiopian Regiment , and other units. [ 87 ] By 1804, the northern states (north of the Mason–Dixon line ) had abolished slavery. [ 88 ] However, slavery would persist in the southern states until the end of the American Civil War and the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment . [ 89 ] Following the end of the Reconstruction era , which saw the first African American representation in Congress , [ 90 ] African Americans became disenfranchised and subject to Jim Crow laws , [ 91 ] legislation that would persist until the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act due to the civil rights movement . [ 92 ] According to United States Census Bureau data, very few African immigrants self-identify as African American. On average, less than 5% of African residents self-reported as "African American" or "Afro-American" on the 2000 U.S. census. The overwhelming majority of African immigrants (~95%) identified instead with their own respective ethnicities. Self-designation as "African American" or "Afro-American" was highest among individuals from West Africa (4%–9%), and lowest among individuals from Cape Verde, East Africa and Southern Africa (0%–4%). [ 93 ] African immigrants may also experience conflict with African Americans. [ 94 ] Asian Americans Another significant population is the Asian American population, comprising 19,618,719 people in 2020, or 5.9% of the United States population. [ e ] [ 96 ] [ 97 ] California is home to 5.6 million Asian Americans, the greatest number in any state. [ 98 ] In Hawaii, Asian Americans make up the highest proportion of the population (57 percent). [ 98 ] Asian Americans live across the country, yet are heavily urbanized, with significant populations in the Greater Los Angeles Area , New York metropolitan area , and the San Francisco Bay Area . [ 99 ] The United States census defines Asian Americans as those with origins to the countries of Central Asia , East Asia , South Asia , and Southeast Asia . Although Americans with roots in West Asia were once classified as "Asian", they are now excluded from the term in modern census classifications. [ 100 ] The largest sub-groups are immigrants or descendants of immigrants from Cambodia, mainland China, India, Japan, Korea, Laos, Pakistan, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Asians overall have higher income levels than all other racial groups in the United States, including whites, and the trend appears to be increasing in relation to those groups. [ 101 ] Additionally, Asians have a higher education attainment level than all other racial groups in the United States. [ 102 ] [ 103 ] For better or for worse, the group has been called a model minority . [ 104 ] [ 105 ] [ 106 ] While Asian Americans have been in what is now the United States since before the Revolutionary War , [ 107 ] [ 108 ] [ 109 ] relatively large waves of Chinese, Filipino, and Japanese immigration did not begin until the mid-to-late 19th century. [ 109 ] Immigration and significant population growth continue to this day. [ 110 ] Due to a number of factors, Asian Americans have been stereotyped as " perpetual foreigners ". [ 111 ] [ 112 ] Middle Eastern and North African Americans Middle Eastern Americans and North African Americans are Americans with ancestry from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). According to the American Jewish Archives and the Arab American National Museum , the first Middle Easterners and North Africans (especially Jews ) to arrive in the Americas landed in the late 15th to mid-16th centuries. [ 113 ] [ 114 ] [ 115 ] [ 116 ] Many fled ethnic or ethnoreligious persecution during the Spanish Inquisition . [ 117 ] [ 118 ] [ 114 ] In 2014, the United States Census Bureau began finalizing the ethnic classification of people of Middle Eastern and North African ("MENA") origins. [ 119 ] According to the Arab American Institute (AAI), Arab Americans have family origins in each of the 22 Arab League member states . [ 120 ] Following consultations with MENA organizations, the Census Bureau announced in 2014 that it would establish a new MENA ethnic category for populations from the Middle East , North Africa , and the Arab world , separate from the "white" classification that these populations had previously sought in 1909. The groups felt that the earlier "white" designation no longer accurately represents MENA identity, so they successfully lobbied for a distinct categorization. [ 121 ] This new category would also include Israeli Americans . [ 122 ] The Census Bureau does not currently ask about whether one is Sikh , because it views them as followers of a religion rather than members of an ethnic group, and it does not combine questions concerning religion with race or ethnicity. [ 123 ] As of December 2015, the sampling strata for the new MENA category includes the Census Bureau's working classification of 19 MENA groups, as well as Iranian , Turkish , Armenian , Afghan , Azerbaijani , and Georgian groups. [ 124 ] In January 2018, it was announced that the Census Bureau would not include the grouping in the 2020 census. [ 125 ] Native Americans and Alaska Natives According to the 2020 United States census, there are 2,251,699 people who are Native Americans or Alaska Natives alone; they make up 0.7% of the total population. [ f ] [ 129 ] According to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), an "American Indian or Alaska Native" is a person whose ancestry have origins in any of the original peoples of North, Central, or South America. [ 129 ] 2.3 million individuals who are American Indian or Alaskan Native are multiracial; [ 129 ] additionally the plurality of American Indians reside in the Western United States (40.7%). [ 129 ] Collectively and historically this race has been known by several names ; [ 130 ] as of 1995, 50% of those who fall within the OMB definition prefer the term "American Indian", 37% prefer "Native American" and the remainder have no preference or prefer a different term altogether. [ 131 ] Among Americans today, levels of Native American ancestry (distinct from Native American identity ) differ. Based on a sample of users of the 23andMe commercial genetic test, genomes of self-reported African Americans averaged to 0.8% Native American ancestry, those of European Americans averaged to 0.18%, and those of Latinos averaged to 18.0%. [ 132 ] [ 133 ] Another genetic study focusing on Native American ancestry in the general population found an average of 38% in Latinos, 1% in African Americans, and 0.1% for European American populations, respectively. [ 134 ] Native Americans, whose ancestry is indigenous to the Americas , originally migrated to the two continents between 10,000 and 45,000 years ago. [ 135 ] These Paleoamericans spread throughout the two continents and evolved into hundreds of distinct cultures during the pre-Columbian era . [ 136 ] Following the first voyage of Christopher Columbus , [ 137 ] the European colonization of the Americas began, with St. Augustine, Florida becoming the first permanent European settlement in the continental United States . [ 138 ] From the 16th through the 19th centuries, the population of Native Americans declined in the following ways: epidemic diseases brought from Europe ; [ 139 ] genocide and warfare at the hands of European explorers, settlers and colonists, [ 140 ] [ 141 ] as well as between tribes; [ 142 ] [ 143 ] displacement from their lands ; [ 144 ] internal warfare, [ 145 ] enslavement ; [ 146 ] and intermarriage . [ 147 ] [ 148 ] Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders As defined by the United States Census Bureau and the Office of Management and Budget, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders are "persons having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii , Guam , Samoa , or other Pacific Islands ". [ 150 ] Previously called Asian Pacific American , along with Asian Americans beginning in 1976, this was changed in 1997. [ 151 ] As of the 2020 United States census, there are 622,018 who reside in the United States, and make up 0.2% of the nation's total population. [ g ] [ 152 ] 14% of the population have at least a bachelor's degree , [ 152 ] and 15.1% live in poverty , below the poverty threshold . [ 152 ] As compared to the 2000 United States census, this population grew by 40%; [ 150 ] and 71% live in the West ; of those over half (52%) live in either Hawaii or California , with no other states having populations greater than 100,000. The United States territories in the Pacific also have large Pacific Islander populations such as Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands (Chammoro), and American Samoa (Samoan). [ 150 ] The largest concentration of Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders, is Honolulu County in Hawaii, [ 152 ] and Los Angeles County in the continental United States . [ 150 ] Two or more races The United States has a growing multiracial identity movement, and this group is one of the fastest growing demographics in the country. [ 153 ] Multiracial Americans numbered 7.0 million in 2008, or 2.3% of the population; [ 97 ] by the 2020 census the multiracial increased to 13,548,983, or 4.1% of the total population. [ 154 ] They can be any combination of races (white, black, Asian, native American or Alaska native, native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, "some other race") and ethnicities. [ 155 ] The largest population of multiracial Americans were those of white and black descent, with a total of 1,834,212 self-identifying individuals. [ 154 ] Barack Obama , the 44th President of the United States, is multiracial—his mother is white (of English and Irish descent) and his father is black (of Kenyan descent) [ 156 ] [ 157 ] —though he identifies only as African American. [ 158 ] [ 159 ] Some other race According to the 2020 United States census, 8.4% or 27,915,715 Americans chose to self-identify with the "some other race" category, the third most popular option. The vast majority of this group was Hispanic or Latino. "Some other race" formed the single largest racial group of Hispanics, with 42.2% of Hispanic/Latino Americans, or 26,225,882 people, choosing to identify as some other race , as these Hispanic/Latinos may feel the United States census does not describe their mixed European and American Indian ancestry as they understand it to be. [ 161 ] A significant portion of the Hispanic and Latino population self-identifies as Mestizo , particularly the Mexican and Central American community. [ 162 ] Mestizo is not a racial category in the United States census, but signifies someone who has both European and American Indian ancestry. National personification Uncle Sam is a national personification of the United States and sometimes more specifically of the American government , with the first usage of the term dating from the War of 1812 . He is depicted as a stern elderly white man with white hair and a goatee beard, and dressed in clothing that recalls the design elements of the flag of the United States – for example, typically a top hat with red and white stripes and white stars on a blue band, and red and white striped trousers. Columbia is a poetic name for the Americas and the feminine personification of the United States of America, made famous by African American poet Phillis Wheatley during the American Revolutionary War in 1776. It has inspired the names of many persons, places, objects, institutions, and companies in the Western Hemisphere and beyond, including the District of Columbia , the seat of government of the United States. English is the national language and official language of the United States at the federal level. [ 165 ] Additionally, some laws—such as U.S. naturalization requirements —standardize English. In 2020, about 245 million, or 78% of the population aged five years and older, spoke only English at home. Spanish , spoken by 13.4% of the population at home, is the second most common language and the most widely taught second language. [ 166 ] [ 167 ] Prior to the signing of Executive Order 14224 in March 2025, which declared English the official language of the U.S., some Americans advocated making English the country's official language , as it is in at least 30 out of the 50 states. [ 168 ] Both English and Hawaiian are official languages in Hawaii by state law. [ 169 ] Alaska has declared its 20 Native American languages to be official, along with English. [ 170 ] [ 171 ] In South Dakota, both dialects of the Sioux language have been declared official, along with English. [ 172 ] [ 173 ] While neither has an official language, New Mexico has laws providing for the use of both English and Spanish, as Louisiana does for English and French . [ 174 ] Other states, such as California, mandate the publication of Spanish versions of certain government documents. The latter include court forms. [ 175 ] Several insular territories grant official recognition to their native languages, along with English: Samoan and Chamorro are recognized by American Samoa and Guam , respectively; Carolinian and Chamorro are recognized by the Northern Mariana Islands; Spanish is an official language of Puerto Rico. Religion in the United States has a high adherence level compared to other developed countries and a diversity in beliefs. The First Amendment to the country's Constitution prevents the Federal government from making any "law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof". The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted this as preventing the government from having any authority in religion. A majority of Americans report that religion plays a "very important" role in their lives, a proportion unusual among developed countries . However, similar to the other nations of the Americas. [ 177 ] Many faiths have flourished in the United States, including both later imports spanning the country's multicultural immigrant heritage, as well as those founded within the country; these have led the United States to become the most religiously diverse country in the world. [ 178 ] The United States has the world's largest Christian population . [ 179 ] The majority of Americans (76%) are Christians , mostly within Protestant and Catholic denominations; these adherents constitute 48% and 23% of the population, respectively. [ 180 ] Other religions include Buddhism , Hinduism , Islam , and Judaism , which collectively make up about 4% to 5% of the adult population. [ 181 ] [ 182 ] [ 183 ] Another 15% of the adult population identifies as having no religious belief or no religious affiliation. [ 181 ] According to the American Religious Identification Survey , religious belief varies considerably across the country: 59% of Americans living in Western states (the " Unchurched Belt ") report a belief in God , yet in the South (the " Bible Belt ") the figure is as high as 86%. [ 181 ] [ 184 ] Several of the original Thirteen Colonies were established by settlers who wished to practice their religion without discrimination: the Massachusetts Bay Colony was established by English Puritans , Pennsylvania by Irish and English Quakers , Maryland by English and Irish Catholics , and Virginia by English Anglicans . Although some individual states retained established religious confessions well into the 19th century, the United States was the first nation to have no official state-endorsed religion. [ 185 ] Modeling the provisions concerning religion within the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom , the framers of the Constitution rejected any religious test for office. The First Amendment specifically denied the federal government any power to enact any law respecting either an establishment of religion or prohibiting its free exercise, thus protecting any religious organization, institution, or denomination from government interference. European Rationalist and Protestant ideals mainly influenced the decision. Still, it was also a consequence of the pragmatic concerns of minority religious groups and small states that did not want to be under the power or influence of a national religion that did not represent them. [ 186 ] The First Baptist Church in America in Providence, Rhode Island The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C. is the most significant Catholic church in the United States . The Salt Lake Temple in Salt Lake City , Utah is the largest LDS temple. Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral in Chicago 's Ukrainian Village Unity Temple Unitarian Universalist church in Oak Park, Illinois Touro Synagogue in Newport, Rhode Island is America's oldest surviving synagogue. The Islamic Center of America in Dearborn, Michigan is the largest mosque in North America . Hsi Lai Temple in Hacienda Heights, California is one of the largest Buddhist temples in the Western Hemisphere . Hindu Temple in Malibu, California The Bahá'í House of Worship , in Wilmette, Illinois The Jain Center of Greater Phoenix (JCGP) in Phoenix, Arizona Sikh Gurdwara in Evergreen , San Jose, California American culture is primarily a Western culture , but is influenced by Native American, West African, Latin American, East Asian, and Polynesian cultures. The United States of America has its own unique social and cultural characteristics, such as dialect , music , arts , social habits , cuisine , and folklore . [ 32 ] Its chief early European influences came from English , Scottish , Welsh , and Irish settlers of colonial America during British rule. British culture , due to colonial ties with Britain that spread the English language, legal system and other cultural inheritances, had a formative influence. [ 187 ] Other important influences came from other parts of Europe, especially Germany , [ 188 ] France , [ 189 ] and Italy . [ 190 ] Original elements also play a strong role, such as Jeffersonian democracy . [ 191 ] Thomas Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia was perhaps the first influential domestic cultural critique by an American and a reaction to the prevailing European consensus that America's domestic originality was degenerate . [ 191 ] Prevalent ideas and ideals that evolved domestically, such as national holidays , uniquely American sports , military tradition, [ 192 ] and innovations in the arts and entertainment give a strong sense of national pride among the population as a whole. [ 193 ] American culture includes both conservative and liberal elements, scientific and religious competitiveness, political structures, risk taking and free expression, materialist and moral elements. Despite certain consistent ideological principles (e.g. individualism , egalitarianism , faith in freedom and democracy ), the American culture has a variety of expressions due to its geographical scale and demographic diversity. Americans have migrated to many places around the world, including Argentina , Australia , Brazil , Canada , Chile , China , Costa Rica , France , Germany , Hong Kong , India , Japan , Mexico , New Zealand , Pakistan , the Philippines , South Korea , the United Arab Emirates , and the United Kingdom . Unlike migration from other countries, United States migration is not concentrated in specific countries, possibly as a result of the roots of immigration from so many different countries to the United States. [ 194 ] As of 2016 [ update ] , there were approximately 9 million United States citizens living outside of the United States. [ 195 ] As the result of U.S. tax and financial reporting requirements that apply to non-resident citizens, record numbers of American citizens renounced their U.S. citizenship in the decade from 2010 to 2020. [ 196 ] In 2024 a new organization was created to lobby the U.S. Congress for relief from citizenship-based taxation that is often cited as the reason for the record renunciations. [ 197 ] United States portal American studies Ancestry of the people of the United States Birthright citizenship in the United States Demonyms for the United States Deportation of Americans from the United States Hyphenated American Making North America (2015 PBS film) Stereotypes of Americans ↑ Of the foreign-born population from Europe (4,817 thousand), in 2010, 61.8% were naturalized. [ 41 ] ↑ Of the foreign-born population from Latin America and the Caribbean (21,224 thousand), in 2010, 32.1% were naturalized. [ 41 ] ↑ Puerto Rico is a territory of the United States, and Puerto Ricans are US citizens. "Puerto Rican" is considered a distinct Latino cultural category. ↑ Of the foreign-born population from Africa (1,607 thousand), in 2010, 46.1% were naturalized. [ 41 ] ↑ Of the foreign-born population from Asia (11,284 thousand), in 2010, 57.7% were naturalized. [ 41 ] ↑ Of the foreign-born population from Northern America (807 thousand), in 2010, 44.3% were naturalized. [ 41 ] ↑ Of the foreign-born population from Oceania (217 thousand), in 2010, 36.9% were naturalized. [ 41 ] ↑ "Census Bureau's 2020 Population Count" . United States census . Retrieved April 26, 2021 . The 2020 census is as of April 1, 2020. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 "International Migrant Stock" . United Nations . Archived from the original on September 4, 2022 . Retrieved January 13, 2022 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 "Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin" . Migration Policy Institute . February 10, 2014. Archived from the original on March 19, 2022 . Retrieved January 14, 2022 . ↑ "U.S. Relations With the Philippines Bilateral Relations Fact Sheet" . United States Department of State . Archived from the original on February 7, 2023 . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ↑ US-PH alliance 'stronger than ever'—envoy By Raymund Antonio (Manila Bulletin) "Beyond the economic and defense partnership, the US and Philippines maintain "meaningful people-to-people ties," which Carlson described is "the foundation of everything we do together." Some four million Filipinos and Filipino-Americans call the United States their home, while more than 750,000 US citizens are currently living in the Philippines, she noted." ↑ "BiB - Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung - Pressemitteilungen - Archiv 2017 - Zuwanderung aus außereuropäischen Ländern fast verdoppelt" . www.bib-demografie.de . Archived from the original on December 9, 2017 . Retrieved September 3, 2020 . ↑ "Embaixador dos Estados Unidos Todd C. Chapman chega ao Brasil" . U.S. Embassy in Brazil . March 29, 2020. Archived from the original on July 13, 2020 . Retrieved March 29, 2020 . ↑ étrangères, Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires. "Présentation des États-Unis" . France Diplomatie: Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères . Archived from the original on January 25, 2022 . Retrieved January 25, 2022 . ↑ "How Many Americans Live Abroad?" . aaro.org . Archived from the original on December 18, 2024 . Retrieved November 26, 2024 . ↑ Abizaid, John (April 2, 2020), U.S. Ambassador Abizaid's Message to American Citizens about COVID-19. , U.S. Mission Saudi Arabia, archived from the original on March 10, 2022 , retrieved March 10, 2022 ↑ "Houthi Terrorist Attack in Saudi Arabia" . United States Department of State . Archived from the original on February 11, 2022 . Retrieved February 11, 2022 . ↑ "State Department announces plan to fly Americans out of Israel" . ABC News . Retrieved January 1, 2025 . ↑ "US citizens in rush for offshore tax advice" . Financial Times . September 8, 2009. Archived from the original on August 28, 2011 . Retrieved August 12, 2017 . ↑ "U.S. Relations with Hong Kong" . Archived from the original on December 15, 2020 . Retrieved May 31, 2022 . ↑ "Immigrants in Colombia: Which Are the Largest Foreign Communities?" . Colombia One . June 10, 2025. ↑ "Census results reflect Aotearoa New Zealand's diversity" . stats.gov.nz . Stats NZ . Retrieved October 1, 2025 . 1 2 Luis Lug; Sandra Stencel; John Green; Gregory Smith; Dan Cox; Allison Pond; Tracy Miller; Elixabeth Podrebarac; Michelle Ralston (February 2008). "U.S. Religious Landscape Survey" (PDF) . Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life . Pew Research Center . Archived (PDF) from the original on July 5, 2013 . Retrieved February 12, 2012 . ↑ 8 U.S.C. § 1401 ; 8 U.S.C. § 1408 ; 8 U.S.C. § 1452 ↑ "U.S. nationals born in American Samoa sue for citizenship" . NBC News . Associated Press. March 28, 2018. Archived from the original on September 28, 2018 . Retrieved October 1, 2018 . Mendoza, Moises (October 11, 2014). "How a weird law gives one group American nationality but not citizenship" . Public Radio International . Archived from the original on April 1, 2018 . Retrieved August 24, 2018 . "U.S. nationals born in American Samoa sue for citizenship" . NBC News . Associated Press. March 28, 2018. Archived from the original on September 28, 2018 . Retrieved October 1, 2018 . Mendoza, Moises (October 11, 2014). "How a weird law gives one group American nationality but not citizenship" . Public Radio International . Archived from the original on April 1, 2018 . Retrieved August 24, 2018 . ↑ "Fernandez v. Keisler, 502 F.3d 337" . Fourth Circuit . September 26, 2007. p. 341. Archived from the original on August 30, 2021 . Retrieved June 8, 2021 . The INA defines 'national of the United States' as '(A) a citizen of the United States, or (B) a person who, though not a citizen of the United States, owes permanent allegiance to the United States.' "Robertson-Dewar v. Mukasey, 599 F. Supp. 2d 772" . U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas . February 25, 2009. p. 779 n.3. Archived from the original on August 30, 2021 . Retrieved June 8, 2021 . The [INA] defines naturalization as 'conferring of nationality of a state upon a person after birth, by any means whatsoever.' "Fernandez v. Keisler, 502 F.3d 337" . Fourth Circuit . September 26, 2007. p. 341. Archived from the original on August 30, 2021 . Retrieved June 8, 2021 . The INA defines 'national of the United States' as '(A) a citizen of the United States, or (B) a person who, though not a citizen of the United States, owes permanent allegiance to the United States.' "Robertson-Dewar v. Mukasey, 599 F. Supp. 2d 772" . U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas . February 25, 2009. p. 779 n.3. Archived from the original on August 30, 2021 . Retrieved June 8, 2021 . The [INA] defines naturalization as 'conferring of nationality of a state upon a person after birth, by any means whatsoever.' ↑ "Permanent Allegiance Law and Legal Definition" . USLegal. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012 . Retrieved October 1, 2018 . ↑ Christine Barbour; Gerald C Wright (January 15, 2013). Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, 6th Edition The Essentials . CQ Press. pp. 31– 33. ISBN 978-1-4522-4003-9 . Archived from the original on February 5, 2023 . Retrieved January 6, 2015 . Who Is An American? Native-born and naturalized citizens Shklar, Judith N. (1991). American Citizenship: The Quest for Inclusion . The Tanner Lectures on Human Values. Harvard University Press. pp. 3– 4. ISBN 978-0-674-02216-4 . Archived from the original on February 5, 2023 . Retrieved December 17, 2012 . Slotkin, Richard (2001). "Unit Pride: Ethnic Platoons and the Myths of American Nationality" . American Literary History . 13 (3). Oxford University Press: 469– 498. doi : 10.1093/alh/13.3.469 . JSTOR 3054557 . S2CID 143996198 . Archived from the original on March 13, 2023 . Retrieved March 13, 2023 . But it also expresses a myth of American nationality that remains vital in our political and cultural life: the idealized self-image of a multiethnic, multiracial democracy, hospitable to differences but united by a common sense of national belonging. Eder, Klaus; Giesen, Bernhard (2001). European Citizenship: Between National Legacies and Postnational Projects . Oxford University Press. pp. 25– 26. ISBN 978-0-19-924120-0 . Archived from the original on April 7, 2023 . Retrieved February 1, 2013 . In inter-state relations, the American nation state presents its members as a monistic political body-despite ethnic and national groups in the interior. Petersen, William; Novak, Michael; Gleason, Philip (1982). Concepts of Ethnicity . Harvard University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-674-15726-2 . Archived from the original on April 4, 2023 . Retrieved February 1, 2013 . To be or to become an American, a person did not have to be of any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism. Thus the universalist ideological character of American nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American. Charles Hirschman; Philip Kasinitz; Josh Dewind (November 4, 1999). The Handbook of International Migration: The American Experience . Russell Sage Foundation. p. 300 . ISBN 978-1-61044-289-3 . David Halle (July 15, 1987). America's Working Man: Work, Home, and Politics Among Blue Collar Property Owners . University of Chicago Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-226-31366-5 . Archived from the original on February 5, 2023 . Retrieved October 16, 2015 . The first, and central, way involves the view that Americans are all those persons born within the boundaries of the United States or admitted to citizenship by the government. Christine Barbour; Gerald C Wright (January 15, 2013). Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, 6th Edition The Essentials . CQ Press. pp. 31– 33. ISBN 978-1-4522-4003-9 . Archived from the original on February 5, 2023 . Retrieved January 6, 2015 . Who Is An American? Native-born and naturalized citizens Shklar, Judith N. (1991). American Citizenship: The Quest for Inclusion . The Tanner Lectures on Human Values. Harvard University Press. pp. 3– 4. ISBN 978-0-674-02216-4 . Archived from the original on February 5, 2023 . Retrieved December 17, 2012 . Slotkin, Richard (2001). "Unit Pride: Ethnic Platoons and the Myths of American Nationality" . American Literary History . 13 (3). Oxford University Press: 469– 498. doi : 10.1093/alh/13.3.469 . JSTOR 3054557 . S2CID 143996198 . Archived from the original on March 13, 2023 . Retrieved March 13, 2023 . But it also expresses a myth of American nationality that remains vital in our political and cultural life: the idealized self-image of a multiethnic, multiracial democracy, hospitable to differences but united by a common sense of national belonging. Eder, Klaus; Giesen, Bernhard (2001). European Citizenship: Between National Legacies and Postnational Projects . Oxford University Press. pp. 25– 26. ISBN 978-0-19-924120-0 . Archived from the original on April 7, 2023 . Retrieved February 1, 2013 . In inter-state relations, the American nation state presents its members as a monistic political body-despite ethnic and national groups in the interior. Petersen, William; Novak, Michael; Gleason, Philip (1982). Concepts of Ethnicity . Harvard University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-674-15726-2 . Archived from the original on April 4, 2023 . Retrieved February 1, 2013 . To be or to become an American, a person did not have to be of any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism. Thus the universalist ideological character of American nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American. Charles Hirschman; Philip Kasinitz; Josh Dewind (November 4, 1999). The Handbook of International Migration: The American Experience . Russell Sage Foundation. p. 300 . ISBN 978-1-61044-289-3 . David Halle (July 15, 1987). America's Working Man: Work, Home, and Politics Among Blue Collar Property Owners . University of Chicago Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-226-31366-5 . Archived from the original on February 5, 2023 . Retrieved October 16, 2015 . The first, and central, way involves the view that Americans are all those persons born within the boundaries of the United States or admitted to citizenship by the government. ↑ Petersen, William; Novak, Michael; Gleason, Philip (1982). Concepts of Ethnicity . Harvard University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-674-15726-2 . Archived from the original on April 4, 2023 . Retrieved February 1, 2013 . ...from Thomas Paine's plea in 1783...to Henry Clay's remark in 1815... "It is hard for us to believe ... how conscious these early Americans were of the job of developing American character out of the regional and generational polaritities and contradictions of a nation of immigrants and migrants." ... To be or to become an American, a person did not have to be of any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism. Thus the universalist ideological character of American nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American. 1 2 3 "Ancestry 2000" (PDF) . U.S. Census Bureau. June 2004. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 4, 2004 . Retrieved December 2, 2016 . ↑ "The Chance That Two People Chosen at Random Are of Different Race or Ethnicity Groups Has Increased Since 2010" . ↑ "Table 52. Population by Selected Ancestry Group and Region: 2009" (PDF) . U.S. Census Bureau. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 25, 2012 . Retrieved February 11, 2017 . ↑ "Federally recognized American Indian tribes and Alaska Native entities | USAGov" . www.usa.gov . Retrieved April 5, 2024 . ↑ Jay Tolson (July 28, 2008). "A Growing Trend of Leaving America" . U.S. News & World Report . Archived from the original on October 23, 2012 . Retrieved December 17, 2012 . Estimates made by organizations such as the Association of Americans Resident Overseas put the number of nongovernment-employed Americans living abroad anywhere between 4 million and 7 million, a range whose low end is based loosely on the government's trial count in 1999. ↑ "6.32 million Americans (excluding military) live in 160-plus countries" . Association of Americans Resident Overseas. Archived from the original on November 19, 2012 . Retrieved December 17, 2012 . The total is the highest released to date: close to 6.32 million. ↑ "The American Diaspora" . Esquire . Hurst Communications, Inc. September 26, 2008. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012 . Retrieved December 17, 2012 . he most frequently cited estimate of nonmilitary U. S. citizens living overseas is between three and six million, based on a very rough State Department calculation in 1999—and never updated. 1 2 3 Adams, J.Q., and Pearlie Strother-Adams (2001). Dealing with Diversity . Chicago: Kendall/Hunt. ISBN 0-7872-8145-X . 1 2 Thompson, William, and Joseph Hickey (2005). Society in Focus . Boston: Pearson. ISBN 0-205-41365-X . ↑ Holloway, Joseph E. (2005). Africanisms in American Culture , 2d ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 18–38. ISBN 0-253-34479-4 . Johnson, Fern L. (1999). Speaking Culturally: Language Diversity in the United States . Thousand Oaks, California, London, and New Delhi: Sage, p. 116. ISBN 0-8039-5912-5 . ↑ Potter, Ben A.; Reuther, Joshua D.; Holliday, Vance T.; Holmes, Charles E.; Miller, D. Shane; Schmuck, Nicholas (July 20, 2017). "Early colonization of Beringia and Northern North America: Chronology, routes, and adaptive strategies" . Quaternary International . 444 : 36– 55. doi : 10.1016/j.quaint.2017.02.034 . ISSN 1040-6182 . Archived from the original on April 24, 2024. ↑ "Native Americans in the United States of America" . Minority Rights Group International . 1 2 "A Breakdown of 2020 Census Demographic Data" . NPR . August 13, 2021. 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In 2011, for example, nearly a third of Asians in the U.S. lived in the metropolitan regions around Los Angeles, San Francisco and New York. "Selected Population Profile in the United States" . U.S. Census . U.S. Department of Commerce . Retrieved June 25, 2011 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ( link ) ↑ "Israeli, Palestinian Americans could share new 'Middle Eastern' census category" . The Times of Israel . October 23, 2016. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018 . Retrieved January 28, 2022 . This derives from a 1915 court ruling in Dow v. United States, in which a Syrian American, George Dow, appealed his being classified by the government as Asian. At the time, such a designation resulted in the denial of citizenship under the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act. ↑ Meizhu Lui; Barbara Robles; Betsy Leondar-Wright; Rose Brewer; Rebecca Adamson (2006). The Color of Wealth . 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Archived from the original on June 12, 2018 . Retrieved April 22, 2018 . Cohen, Debra Nussbaum (June 18, 2015). "New U.S. Census Category to Include 'Israeli' Option" . Haaretz . Archived from the original on July 10, 2017 . Retrieved April 22, 2018 . Cohen, Rick (August 12, 2015). "Simultaneously Jewish and Persons of Color: The Status of Mizrahi Jews" . Nonprofit Quality . Boston. Archived from the original on April 23, 2018 . Retrieved April 22, 2018 . ↑ "2015 National Content Test" (PDF) . U.S. Census Bureau. pp. 33– 34. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 21, 2015 . Retrieved December 13, 2015 . The Census Bureau is undertaking related mid-decade research for coding and classifying detailed national origins and ethnic groups, and our consultations with external experts on the Asian community have also suggested Sikh receive a unique code classified under Asian. The Census Bureau does not currently tabulate on religious responses to the race or ethnic questions (e.g., Sikh, Jewish, Catholic, Muslim, Lutheran, etc.). ↑ "2015 National Content Test" (PDF) . U.S. Census Bureau. p. 60. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 21, 2015 . Retrieved December 13, 2015 . ↑ Wang, Hansi Lo (January 29, 2018). "No Middle Eastern Or North African Category On 2020 Census, Bureau Says" . National Public Radio . Archived from the original on February 21, 2022 . Retrieved June 9, 2018 . ↑ "Table 1. First, Second, and Total Responses to the Ancestry Question by Detailed Ancestry Code: 2000" (XLS) . U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 23, 2017 . Retrieved December 2, 2010 . ↑ "Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported: 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates" . United States Census Bureau . Retrieved November 30, 2012 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ( link ) ↑ Ira Sheskin; Arnold Dashefsky (2010). "Jewish Population in the United States, 2010" (PDF) . Mandell L. Berman Institute North American Jewish Data Bank, Center for Judaic Studies and Contemporary Jewish Life, University of Connecticut . Brandeis University. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 25, 2020 . Retrieved November 16, 2015 . 1 2 3 4 5 Tina Norris; Paula L. Vines; Elizabeth M. Hoeffel (January 2012). "The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010" (PDF) . United States Census Bureau . United States Department of Commerce. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 5, 2012 . Retrieved September 9, 2012 . ↑ Kathryn Walbert. "American Indian vs. Native American: A note on terminology" . Kearn NC . University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . Archived from the original on January 11, 2012 . Retrieved September 9, 2012 . ↑ Clyde Tucker; Brian Kojetin; Rodrick Harrison (1996). "A Statistical Analysis of the CPS Supplement on Race and Ethnic Origin" (PDF) . United States Census Bureau . United States Department of Commerce. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 7, 2012 . Retrieved September 9, 2012 . ↑ Bryc, Katarzyna; Durand, Eric Y.; Macpherson, J. Michael; Reich, David; Mountain, Joanna L. (January 2015). "The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States" . The American Journal of Human Genetics . 96 (1): 37– 53. doi : 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.010 . ISSN 0002-9297 . PMC 4289685 . PMID 25529636 . ↑ Carl Zimmer (December 24, 2014). "White? Black? A Murky Distinction Grows Still Murkier" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on January 15, 2020 . Retrieved October 21, 2018 . The researchers found that European-Americans had genomes that were on average 98.6 percent European, .19 percent African, and .18 Native American. ↑ Jordan, I. King; Rishishwar, Lavanya; Conley, Andrew B. (2019). "Native American admixture recapitulates population-specific migration and settlement of the continental United States" . PLOS Genetics . 15 (9) e1008225. doi : 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008225 . ISSN 1553-7404 . PMC 6756731 . PMID 31545791 . ↑ Axelrod, Alan (2003). The Complete Idiot's Guide to American History . Penguin. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-02-864464-6 . Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 . Retrieved September 9, 2012 . ↑ Magoc, Chris J. (2011). Chronology of Americans and the Environment . ABC-CLIO. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-59884-411-5 . Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 . Retrieved September 9, 2012 . ↑ Columbus, Christopher ; de las Casas, Bartolomé; Dunn, Oliver; Kelley, James Edward (1991). de las Casas, Bartolomé; Dunn, Oliver (eds.). The Diario of Christopher Columbus's First Voyage to America, 1492–1493 . Volume 70 of American Exploration and Travel Series. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 491. ISBN 978-0-8061-2384-4 . Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 . Retrieved September 9, 2012 . ↑ Rodriguez, Arturo B. (2000). U.S. Citizenship Guidebook . Sinagtala Educational Resources. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-9679898-0-8 . Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 . Retrieved September 9, 2012 . ↑ Bianchine, Peter J.; Russo, Thomas A. (1992). "The Role of Epidemic Infectious Diseases in the Discovery of America". Allergy and Asthma Proceedings . 13 (5). OceanSide Publications, Inc: 225– 232. doi : 10.2500/108854192778817040 . PMID 1483570 . ↑ Thornton, Russell (1987). American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population History Since 1492 . Volume 186 of Civilization of the American Indian Series. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 49 . ISBN 978-0-8061-2220-5 . Retrieved September 9, 2012 . genocide warfare europeans american indians. ↑ Kessel, William B.; Wooster, Robert (2005). Encyclopedia Of Native American Wars And Warfare . Facts on File library of American History. Infobase Publishing. p. 398. ISBN 978-0-8160-3337-9 . Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 . Retrieved September 9, 2012 . ↑ Thornton, Russell (1987). American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population History Since 1492 . Volume 186 of Civilization of the American Indian Series. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 132 . ISBN 978-0-8061-2220-5 . Retrieved September 9, 2012 . From whatever cause wars may be brought on, either between different Indian tribes or between indians and whites, they are very destructive, not only of the lives of the warriors engaged in it, but of the women and children also, often becoming a war of extermination. ↑ "Early History, Native Americans, and Early Settlers in Mercer County" . Mercer County Historical Society. Archived from the original on June 25, 2012 . Retrieved September 9, 2012 . ↑ R. David Edmunds (March 14, 2006). "Native American Displacement Amid U.S. Expansion" . KERA . Public Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on November 2, 2019 . Retrieved September 9, 2012 . ↑ Blond, Becca; Dunford, Lisa; Schulte-Peevers, Andrea (2008). Southwest USA . Country Regional Guides. Lonely Planet. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-74104-713-4 . Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 . Retrieved September 9, 2012 . ↑ Gallay, Alan (2010). Indian Slavery in Colonial America . University of Nebraska Press. p. 448. ISBN 978-0-8032-2200-7 . Retrieved September 8, 2012 . ↑ Woods Weierman, Karen (2005). One Nation, One Blood: Interracial Marriage In American Fiction, Scandal, and Law, 1820–1870 . University of Massachusetts Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-55849-483-1 . Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 . Retrieved September 9, 2012 . ↑ Mann, Kaarin (2007). "Interracial Marriage In Early America: Motivation and the Colonial Project" (PDF) . Michigan Journal of History (Fall). University of Michigan. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 15, 2013 . Retrieved September 8, 2012 . ↑ "American Indian and Alaska Native Heritage Month: November 2011" . United States Census Bureau . United States Department of Commerce. November 1, 2011. Archived from the original on November 6, 2011 . Retrieved September 9, 2012 . 1 2 3 4 5 Lindsay Hixson; Bradford B. Hepler; Myoung Ouk Kim (May 2012). "The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population: 2010" (PDF) . United States Census Bureau . United States Department of Commerce. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 24, 2017 . Retrieved September 11, 2012 . ↑ "Fact Sheet:What You should Know About Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI's)" (PDF) . White House Initiative on Asian Americans & Pacific Islanders (WHIAAPI) . United States Department of Education. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 10, 2012 . Retrieved September 11, 2012 . 1 2 3 4 "Asian/Pacific American Heritage Month: May 2011" . United States Census Bureau . United States Department of Commerce. April 29, 2011. Archived from the original on September 8, 2012 . Retrieved September 11, 2012 . ↑ Jon M. Spencer (August 2000). The New Colored People: The Mixed-Race Movement in America . NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-8072-5 . Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 . Retrieved February 8, 2019 . Loretta I. Winters; Herman L. DeBose (2003). New Faces in a Changing America: Multiracial Identity in the 21st Century . SAGE. ISBN 978-0-7619-2300-8 . Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 . Retrieved February 8, 2019 . 1 2 Karen R. Humes; Nicholas A. Jones; Roberto R. Ramirez (March 2011). "Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010" (PDF) . 2010 Census Briefs . United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 29, 2011 . Retrieved February 22, 2013 . ↑ Jones, Nicholas A.; Amy Symens Smith. "The Two or More Races Population: 2000. Census 2000 Brief" (PDF) . United States Census Bureau . Archived (PDF) from the original on November 28, 2020 . Retrieved May 8, 2008 . ↑ Ewen MacAskill; Nicholas Watt (May 20, 2011). "Obama looks forward to rediscovering his Irish roots on European tour" . The Guardian . London. Archived from the original on November 12, 2021 . Retrieved August 3, 2011 . ↑ Mason, Jeff (May 23, 2011). "Obama visits family roots in Ireland" . Reuters . Archived from the original on November 12, 2021 . Retrieved August 3, 2011 . ↑ Oscar Avila (April 4, 2010). "Obama's census-form choice: 'Black' " . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on May 24, 2013 . Retrieved February 22, 2013 . ↑ Sam Roberts; Peter Baker (April 2, 2010). "Asked to Declare His Race, Obama Checks 'Black' " . The New York Times . Archived from the original on November 12, 2021 . Retrieved February 22, 2013 . ↑ Nocholas A. Jones; Jungmiwka Bullock (September 2012). "The Two or More Races Population: 2010" (PDF) . United States Census Bureau . United States Department of Commerce. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 6, 2022 . Retrieved November 18, 2014 . ↑ "Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on April 29, 2011 . Retrieved December 9, 2017 . ↑ Gonzalez-Barrera, Ana (August 18, 2020). " 'Mestizo' and 'mulatto': Mixed-race identities among U.S. Hispanics" . Pew Research Center . Retrieved December 12, 2023 . ↑ "Languages spoken at home in the U.S. by members of household age 5 and older (2020)" . American Community Survey of U.S. Census Bureau . Retrieved December 19, 2024 . ↑ "Special characteristics: Languages other than English" . American Community Survey of U.S. Census Bureau . Retrieved December 19, 2024 . ↑ Broadwater, Luke (March 2, 2025). "Trump Signs Order to Designate English as Official Language of the U.S." The New York Times . Retrieved September 19, 2025 . ↑ "Table 53—Languages Spoken at Home by Language: 2007" (PDF) . Statistical Abstract of the United States 2010 . U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2010 . Retrieved September 21, 2009 . ↑ "Foreign Language Enrollments in United States Institutions of Higher Learning" (PDF) . MLA. Fall 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 27, 1999 . Retrieved October 16, 2006 . ↑ Feder, Jody (January 25, 2007). "English as the Official Language of the United States—Legal Background and Analysis of Legislation in the 110th Congress" (PDF) . Ilw.com (Congressional Research Service). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 24, 2013 . Retrieved June 19, 2007 . ↑ "The Constitution of the State of Hawaii, Article XV, Section 4" . Hawaii Legislative Reference Bureau. November 7, 1978. Archived from the original on July 5, 2007 . Retrieved June 19, 2007 . ↑ "Alaska's indigenous languages attain official status" Archived February 12, 2017, at the Wayback Machine , Reuters.com, October 24, 2014. Retrieved October 30, 2014. ↑ "Bill History/Action for 28th Legislature HB 216" . The Alaska State Legislature . Archived from the original on February 4, 2017 . Retrieved January 12, 2016 . ↑ Kaczke, Lisa (March 25, 2019). "South Dakota recognizes official indigenous language" . Argus Leader . Archived from the original on July 28, 2020 . Retrieved May 24, 2020 . ↑ "Amendment for printed bill" . MyLRC+ . Archived from the original on July 9, 2019 . Retrieved July 9, 2019 . ↑ Dicker, Susan J. (2003). Languages in America: A Pluralist View . Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. pp. 216, 220–25 . ISBN 1-85359-651-5 . ↑ "California Code of Civil Procedure, Section 412.20(6)" . Legislative Counsel, State of California. Archived from the original on July 22, 2010 . Retrieved December 17, 2007 . "California Judicial Council Forms" . Judicial Council, State of California. Archived from the original on February 10, 2001 . Retrieved December 17, 2007 . ↑ "America's Changing Religious Landscape" . The Pew Forum. May 12, 2015. Archived from the original on January 7, 2019 . Retrieved May 12, 2015 . ↑ "U.S. Stands Alone in its Embrace of Religion" . Pew Global Attitudes Project . December 19, 2002. Archived from the original on February 8, 2007 . Retrieved January 1, 2007 . ↑ Eck, Diana (2002). A New Religious America: the World's Most Religiously Diverse Nation . HarperOne. p. 432. ISBN 978-0-06-062159-9 . ↑ ANALYSIS (December 19, 2011). "Global Christianity" . Pewforum.org. Archived from the original on December 26, 2018 . Retrieved August 17, 2012 . ↑ Newport, Frank (December 23, 2016). "Five Key Findings on Religion in the U.S." Gallup . Archived from the original on September 12, 2017 . Retrieved April 5, 2018 . 1 2 3 Barry A. Kosmin and Ariela Keysar (2009). "American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) 2008" (PDF) . Hartford, Connecticut, US: Trinity College. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 22, 2022 . Retrieved April 1, 2009 . ↑ "CIA Fact Book" . CIA World Fact Book. 2002. Archived from the original on January 8, 2023 . Retrieved December 30, 2007 . ↑ "Religious Composition of the U.S." (PDF) . U.S. Religious Landscape Survey . Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2009 . Retrieved May 9, 2009 . ↑ Newport, Frank (July 28, 2008). "Belief in God Far Lower in Western U.S." The Gallup Organization . Archived from the original on August 28, 2010 . Retrieved September 4, 2010 . ↑ Feldman, Noah (2005). Divided by God . Farrar, Straus and Giroux, pg. 10 ("For the first time in recorded history, they designed a government with no established religion at all.") ↑ Marsden, George M. 1990. Religion and American Culture. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, pp.45–46. ↑ Carlos E. Cortés (September 3, 2013). Multicultural America: A Multimedia Encyclopedia . SAGE Publications. p. 220. ISBN 978-1-4522-7626-7 . Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 . Retrieved October 16, 2015 . The dominance of English and Anglo values in U.S. culture is evident in the country's major institutions, demonstrating the melting pot model. ↑ Kirschbaum, Erik (1986). The eradication of German culture in the United States, 1917–1918 . H.-D. Heinz. p. 155. ISBN 3-88099-617-2 . Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 . Retrieved September 27, 2016 . ↑ Peter J. Parish (January 1997). Reader's Guide to American History . Taylor & Francis. p. 276. ISBN 978-1-884964-22-0 . Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 . Retrieved October 16, 2015 . However, France was second only to Britain in its influence upon the formation of American politics and culture. ↑ Marilyn J. Coleman; Lawrence H. Ganong (September 16, 2014). The Social History of the American Family: An Encyclopedia . SAGE Publications. p. 775. ISBN 978-1-4522-8615-0 . Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 . Retrieved October 16, 2015 . As the communities grew and prospered, Italian food, entertainment, and music influenced American life and culture. 1 2 "Mr. Jefferson and the giant moose: natural history in early America" Archived April 4, 2023, at the Wayback Machine , Lee Alan Dugatkin. University of Chicago Press, 2009. ISBN 0-226-16914-6 , ISBN 978-0-226-16914-9 . University of Chicago Press, 2009. Chapter x. ↑ M. D. R. Evans; Jonathan Kelley (January 2004). Religion, Morality and Public Policy in International Perspective, 1984–2002 . Federation Press. p. 302. ISBN 978-1-86287-451-0 . Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 . Retrieved October 16, 2015 . ↑ "America tops in national pride survey finds" . NBC News . Associated Press. June 27, 2006. Archived from the original on September 23, 2020 . Retrieved October 22, 2014 . Elizabeth Theiss-Morse (July 27, 2009). Who Counts as an American?: The Boundaries of National Identity . Cambridge University Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-139-48891-4 . Archived from the original on September 28, 2023 . Retrieved October 16, 2015 . ↑ Dam, Andrew Van (December 23, 2022). "Why have millions of Americans moved to these countries instead?" . Washington Post . Archived from the original on February 15, 2023 . Retrieved April 4, 2023 . ↑ "CA by the Numbers" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on June 16, 2016. ↑ Wood, Robert W. "Renouncing American Citizenship Hits All-Time Record" . Forbes . Retrieved July 1, 2024 . ↑ "Tax Fairness For Americans Abroad" . Tax Fairness For Americans Abroad . Retrieved July 1, 2024 . Gender inequality Educational attainment Household income Housing segregation Income inequality Personal income Racial inequality Race and health Racial achievement gap Racial wage gap Race and health Racial achievement gap Racial wage gap Standard of living Unemployment by state Ethnocultural politics National Council of Churches National Association of Evangelicals Christian Churches Together Albanian Orthodox Diocese of America American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America [ a ] Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA [ a ] Vicariate for Palestinian–Jordanian Communities in the USA Archdiocese of North America Diocese of the USA Eparchies of Western , Midwestern and Eastern America [ a ] Outside of Russia Patriarchal Parishes in the USA [ a ] Metropolis of the Americas Diocese of America and Canada Orthodox Church in America [ a ] Albanian , Bulgarian and Romanian Dioceses Albanian , Bulgarian and Romanian Dioceses Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of North and South America and the British Isles Holy Orthodox Church in North America American World Patriarchs Autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church of America and Australia Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church Armenian Apostolic Church [ a ] Armenian Holy See of Cilicia Coptic Orthodox Church in the United States [ a ] Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church [ a ] Syriac Orthodox Church Jacobite Malankara Archdiocese of North America Jacobite Malankara Archdiocese of North America Assyrian Church of the East [ a ] Armenian Catholic Church Coptic Catholic Church Melkite Greek Catholic Church Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church Eparchies of Saint Nicholas of Chicago , Saint Josaphat in Parma and Stamford Eparchies of Saint Nicholas of Chicago , Saint Josaphat in Parma and Stamford Chaldean Catholic Church Eparchies of San Diego and Detroit Eparchies of San Diego and Detroit Syro-Malabar Church Maronite Church Eparchies of Los Angeles and Brooklyn Eparchies of Los Angeles and Brooklyn Syriac Catholic Church Syro-Malankara Catholic Church Mar Thoma Syrian Church [ a ] Anglican Catholic Ordinariate Military Catholic Ordinariate Roman Catholic Church Canonical Old Roman Catholic Church Christ Catholic Church North American Old Catholic Church Polish National Catholic Church [ a ] American Catholic Church in the United States American National Catholic Church Ecumenical Catholic Church [ a ] Ecumenical Catholic Communion Moravian Church [ a ] Unity of the Brethren Church of the United Brethren in Christ United Church of Christ [ d ] [ a ] Evangelical Lutheran Church in America [ a ] General Lutheran Church Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ American Association of Lutheran Churches Association of Confessional Lutheran Churches Augsburg Lutheran Churches Church of the Lutheran Confession Concordia Lutheran Conference Conservative Lutheran Association [ e ] Evangelical Lutheran Conference & Ministerium of North America Evangelical Lutheran Diocese of North America Evangelical Lutheran Synod Independent Lutheran Diocese Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod Lutheran Churches of the Reformation Lutheran Ministerium and Synod – USA North American Lutheran Church Orthodox Lutheran Confessional Conference Protes'tant Conference Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod Association of Free Lutheran Congregations Church of the Lutheran Brethren of America Apostolic Lutheran Church of America Laestadian Lutheran Church Old Apostolic Lutheran Church Lutheran Church - International The Lutheran Evangelical Protestant Church Communion of Reformed Evangelical Churches Canadian and American Reformed Churches Christian Reformed Church in North America [ e ] Free Reformed Churches of North America Heritage Reformed Congregations Netherlands Reformed Congregations Protestant Reformed Churches in America Reformed Church in America [ a ] Reformed Congregations in North America United Reformed Churches in North America Reformed Church in the United States Huguenot Church Calvin Synod (United Church of Christ) [ g ] Hungarian Reformed Church in America [ a ] Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church Bible Presbyterian Church Covenant Presbyterian Church Cumberland Presbyterian Church Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America ECO: A Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians [ e ] Evangelical Assembly of Presbyterian Churches in America Evangelical Presbyterian Church [ e ] Free Church of Scotland (Continuing) Free Presbyterian Church of North America Korean American Presbyterian Church Korean Evangelical Presbyterian Church in America Korean Presbyterian Church Abroad [ a ] Korean Presbyterian Church in America (Kosin) Orthodox Presbyterian Church Presbyterian Church in America Presbyterian Church in Korea (Koshin) Presbyterian Church (USA) [ a ] Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover Presbytery Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America Upper Cumberland Presbyterian Church Conservative Congregational Christian Conference [ e ] Evangelical Association of Reformed and Congregational Christian Churches National Association of Congregational Christian Churches Episcopal Church [ a ] Episcopal Missionary Church Reformed Anglican Church Southern Episcopal Church United Episcopal Church of North America Anglican Episcopal Church Anglican Episcopal Church Anglican Catholic Church Diocese of the Holy Cross Diocese of the Holy Cross Anglican Province of America Anglican Province of Christ the King Christian Episcopal Church Holy Catholic Church United Anglican Church Anglican Church in North America [ h ] Reformed Episcopal Church Reformed Episcopal Church Anglican Mission in the Americas [ e ] Church of Nigeria North American Mission Church of God in Christ (Mennonite) Eastern Pennsylvania Mennonite Church Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches Lancaster Mennonite Conference Mennonite Brethren Church Mennonite Church USA Ohio Wisler Mennonite Brethren Church [ e ] Church of the Brethren [ a ] Dunkard Brethren Church Old German Baptist Brethren Brethren in Christ Church [ e ] Calvary Holiness Church (Philadelphia) Old Order River Brethren United Zion Church Rosedale Network of Churches Fellowship of Evangelical Churches [ e ] Mennonite Christian Fellowship Apostolic Christian Church of America Apostolic Christian Church (Nazarene) Hutterites [ i ] Unitarian Universalist Christian Fellowship Evangelical Covenant Church Evangelical Free Church of America [ e ] Alliance of Baptists [ a ] American Baptist Association American Baptist Churches USA [ a ] Association of Welcoming and Affirming Baptists Baptist Missionary Association of America Central Baptist Association Christian Baptist Churches of God Church of Christ, Instrumental Cooperative Baptist Fellowship Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship General Association of Baptists General Six-Principle Baptists Independent Baptist Church of America Independent Baptist Fellowship International Liberty Baptist Fellowship National Baptist Convention of America International National Baptist Convention USA [ a ] National Baptist Evangelical Life and Soul Saving Assembly of the U.S.A. National Missionary Baptist Convention of America New England Evangelical Baptist Fellowship North American Baptist Conference [ e ] Primitive Baptist Conference of New Brunswick, Maine and Nova Scotia Progressive National Baptist Convention [ a ] Separate Baptists in Christ Southern Baptist Convention Baptist General Association of Virginia Baptist General Convention of Texas Baptist General Association of Virginia Baptist General Convention of Texas Southwide Baptist Fellowship Transformation Ministries [ e ] Venture Church Network Baptist Bible Fellowship International Foundations Baptist Fellowship International Fundamental Baptist Fellowship Association Independent Baptist Fellowship of North America New Independent Fundamentalist Baptist Wisconsin Fellowship of Baptist Churches World Baptist Fellowship General Association of General Baptists National Association of Free Will Baptists Original Free Will Baptist Convention United American Free Will Baptist Church United American Free Will Baptist Conference Confessional Baptist Association Fellowship of Independent Reformed Evangelicals General Association of Regular Baptist Churches Old Regular Baptists National Primitive Baptist Convention of the U.S.A. Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestinarian Baptists Holiness Baptist Association Ohio Valley Association of the Christian Baptist Churches of God Those are independent congregations with no denominational structure Beanite Quakerism Central Yearly Meeting of Friends Conservative Friends Evangelical Friends Church International [ e ] Friends General Conference Friends United Meeting [ a ] African Methodist Episcopal Church [ a ] African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church [ a ] Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection Association of Independent Methodists Bethel Methodist Church Bible Methodist Connection of Churches Bible Methodist Connection of Tennessee Bible Missionary Church Christian Methodist Episcopal Church [ a ] Church of God (Holiness) Church of Daniel's Band Church of the Nazarene [ e ] Congregational Methodist Church Emmanuel Association of Churches Evangelical Association Evangelical Church (ECNA) [ e ] Evangelical Methodist Church Evangelical Methodist Church of America Evangelical Wesleyan Church First Congregational Methodist Church Free Methodist Church [ e ] Fundamental Methodist Conference Immanuel Missionary Church Global Methodist Church Kentucky Mountain Holiness Association Liberation Methodist Connexion Lumber River Conference of the Holiness Methodist Church Methodist Protestant Church Missionary Methodist Church National Association of Wesleyan Evangelicals Pilgrim Holiness Church Pillar of Fire Church Primitive Methodist Church [ e ] Salvation Army [ e ] Southern Congregational Methodist Church Southern Methodist Church United Methodist Church [ a ] Wesleyan Church [ e ] Church of God (Seventh-Day) International Missionary Society of Seventh-Day Adventist Church Reform Movement Seventh-day Adventist Church Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement United Seventh-Day Brethren Advent Christian Church [ e ] Primitive Advent Christian Church Creation Seventh Day Adventist Church Christadelphians Church of God General Conference Church of the Blessed Hope Apostolic Faith Church The Church of God (Alexander Jackson Sr. General Overseer) The Church of God (Charleston, Tennessee) Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) [ e ] Church of God in Christ Church of God Mountain Assembly Church of God of the Original Mountain Assembly Church of God of Prophecy Congregational Holiness Church [ e ] Free Gospel Church International Pentecostal Church of Christ [ e ] International Pentecostal Holiness Church [ e ] Pentecostal Free Will Baptist Church [ e ] United Holy Church of America Assemblies of God USA [ e ] Elim Fellowship [ e ] The Foursquare Church [ e ] Independent Assemblies of God, International International Fellowship of Christian Assemblies Open Bible Churches [ e ] Pentecostal Church of God Apostolic Assemblies of Christ Apostolic Assembly of the Faith in Christ Jesus Apostolic Gospel Church of Jesus Christ Apostolic Overcoming Holy Church of God Assemblies of the Lord Jesus Christ Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ of the Apostolic Faith Pentecostal Assemblies of the World Pentecostal Churches of Christ United Pentecostal Church International Association of Vineyard Churches [ e ] Great Commission Churches [ e ] International Council of Community Churches [ a ] Church of the United Brethren in Christ [ e ] IFCA International Metropolitan Community Church Missionary Church [ e ] Swedenborgian Church of North America [ a ] Lord's New Church General Church of the New Jerusalem Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) [ a ] Churches of Christ [ i ] Churches of Christ (non-institutional) [ i ] International Churches of Christ [ i ] Christian churches and churches of Christ [ i ] Christian Union [ e ] Churches of God General Conference (Winebrenner) Church of God (Anderson, Indiana) Church of God (Guthrie, Oklahoma) Church of God (Restoration) Alliance World Fellowship [ e ] New Apostolic Church The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Church of Christ at Halley's Bluff Church of Christ (Fettingite) Church of Christ (Restored) Church of Christ (Temple Lot)

Church of Christ With the Elijah Message Church of Christ with the Elijah Message - The Assured Way of the Lord Church of Israel The Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite) Church of Jesus Christ (Cutlerite) Church of Jesus Christ (Drewite) Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite) Church of Jesus Christ Restored 1830 Church of Jesus Christ (Zion's Branch) Community of Christ [ a ] Remnant Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Remnant fellowships Restoration Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Restored Church of Jesus Christ Apostolic United Brethren Centennial Park group Church of Jesus Christ in Solemn Assembly Church of Jesus Christ (Original Doctrine) Inc. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Kingdom of God Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints Latter Day Church of Christ Righteous Branch of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints True and Living Church of Jesus Christ of Saints of the Last Days Zion's Order, Inc. Free Bible Students Jehovah's Witnesses Church of God International (United States) Church of God Preparing for the Kingdom of God Church of the Great God Grace Communion International [ e ] House of Yahweh Intercontinental Church of God Living Church of God Philadelphia Church of God Restored Church of God United Church of God Evangelical Orthodox Church Orthodox-Catholic Church of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Part of the National Council of Churches 1 2 Not in communion with the rest of the Catholic Church ↑ Those are traditions and denominations that trace their history back to the Protestant Reformation or otherwise heavily borrow from the practices and beliefs of the Protestant Reformers . ↑ This denomination is the result of a merger between Lutheran , German Reformed , Congregational and Restorationist churches. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Part of the National Association of Evangelicals 1 2 3 4 This refers to the denomination's heritage and not necessarily to the language in which the services are conducted in. ↑ This is a reformed synod within the United Church of Christ that is distinct in heritage, doctrine and practice from the rest of the denomination. 1 2 Outside the Anglican Communion 1 2 3 4 5 6 This is more of a movement then an institutionalized denomination. ↑ Denominations that don't fit in the subsets mentioned above. ↑ Those are traditions and denominations that trace their origin back to the Great Awakenings and/or are joined together by a common belief that Christianity should be restored along the lines of what is known about the apostolic early church. ↑ The Holiness movement is an interdenominational movement that spreads over multiple traditions (Methodist, Quakers, Anabaptist, Baptist, etc.). However, here are mentioned only those denominations that are part of Restorationism as well as the Holiness movement, but are not part of any other Protestant tradition. 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